The story is found in Genesis 11:1-9 as follows:
1 And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech. 2 And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there. 3 And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly. And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for mortar. 4 And they said, Go to, let us build us a city and a tower, whose top may reach unto heaven; and let us make us a name, lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth. 5 And the Lord came down to see the city and the tower, which the children builded. 6 And the Lord said, Behold, the people is one, and they have all one language; and this they begin to do: and now nothing will be restrained from them, which they have imagined to do. 7 Go to, let us go down, and there confound their language, that they may not understand one another's speech. 8 So the Lord scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth: and they left off to build the city. 9 Therefore is the name of it called Babel (confusion); because the Lord did there confound the language of all the earth: and from thence did the Lord scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth.
This story from Genesis is a Biblical (Judeo-Christian) explanation for why there exist a variety of languages (and possibly races) upon the Earth. We could possibly simply accept the Biblical account as a part of Judeo-Christian (and therefore predominantly Western) history. However, this seems a rather pessimistic way of viewing language, culture, and perhaps race relations. It seems worth further examination to see what might underlie the idea of the Tower of Babel and how we might apply this to modern society and our place in the world.
First, should we consider the Tower of Babel story to be a myth or a metaphor? As a myth, the story of the Tower of Babel offers an explanation of how something (diverse languages) came to be. By accepting the Tower of Babel story as a myth, or as dogma, we appear to accept the existence of communication barriers and accept that there are reasons for how things are. If we accept that God "did this" for a reason, then who are we to challenge the way that things are?
If we consider the Tower of Babel story as a metaphor, then we can accept the way that things are without needing to accept that this is the way that things SHOULD BE. The Tower of Babel story as a metaphor aids in understanding the way that the world is without necessarily dictating a path for the future.
What are the dangers inherent in accepting the Tower of Babel story in a dogmatic fashion? It seems that if we accept that the Tower of Babel story explains how things were meant to be by an omnipotent and omniscient Deity, then we appear to be better off without challenging the world the way it is. We are left without any clear path to realizing a new future in which communication barriers are resolved. We are left without a vision of a shared basis of understanding because our language has been divided by God and the way in which we understand the world is structured by the way in which we think. Since our thoughts are structured by our words, we are limited to an understanding based on language.
As an example, in studying Chinese thought and philosophy, the realization is made that an understanding of the natural world underlies the basic patterns. Sarah Allan, in her book
The Way of Water (http://www.amazon.com/Sprouts-Virtue-Chinese-Philosophy-Culture/dp/0791433862/sr=8-1/qid=1170099870/ref=pd_bbs_1/002-6872933-3298446?ie=UTF8&s=books)
presents the idea that water forms a metaphor for the Chinese understanding of the cosmos or the Divine and plants form a metaphor for the Chinese understanding of man. Without approaching the subject from within the context of the Chinese language, the best we are able to do is attempt to understand the underlying metaphor so that we are able to approach an understanding of the philosophical and religious values inherent in Confucianism and Taoism.
In a similar way, if we approach the Tower of Babel story as a metaphor, then we are able to provide a context in which to understand the differences in language and culture without being locked into a vision of reality. To use the language supplied through the metaphor of water, our view of reality becomes more fluid and flexible. We are able to consider how we might proceed to establish a new vision in which we are able to more effectively communicate. This vision of a shared communication provides a context for both international relations as well as how we relate to our more local neighbors.
Going forward, we need to rebuild a shared "language" which we can use to facilitate new dialogues. We need a way in which to more effectively focus on the similarities between different peoples and religions, rather than focusing on the differences. We can see the destruction of the Tower of Babel as a metaphor for the breakdown in communication which resulted when people were given different tongues in which to speak. However, with the confusion of the languages came a more diverse worldview, and therefore more rich opportunities in which to share and understand the world around us.
If we are able to set aside our preconceptions about the way the world works, perhaps we will be able to learn more about how others view the world and thus expand our own understanding. In what ways are, for instance, a Muslim and a Christian similar? How can we begin to work past the differences and history which have led to the current situation in the Middle East? How do we begin to become more conscious of our own role within that conflict, and work to resolve the points of contention?
In a similar, and less global scale, we can see the differences and conflicts within our own homes and neighborhoods as relating to a difference in language (and therefore worldview). What will lead us to a better understanding or a clearer picture of how we each understand the world? How do we begin to open a dialogue between people living in one neighborhood or class and people living in others? What shifts or changes are necessary in order to facilitate a greater understanding of the world from other perspectives? What changes are you, yourself, willing to make or to commit to in order to begin to resolve the differences that currently exist?
Personally, I think it is something to consider. What progress have we seen within the last decade? Within the span of time between now and when Martin Luther King was alive and speaking? What changes do we want to see in the future?